large Jewish population in the community, he makes the point that the author consistently avoids both distinctively Jewish and distinctively gentile language in the discussion. In other words, rather than describe the Jews as Pharisees or legalists (some equivalent of the “Judaizers” of Paul, cf. Gal. 1:7; 3:1–3) or the Gentiles as “barbarians” or some equivalent (cf. Paul’s description in Romans 1), he avoids describing them at all. This would perhaps suggest a mixed group of addressees, neither